| alias |
Create short
nicknames for long commands. |
| apropos |
Locate commands by
keyword lookup. |
| ar |
Create library
archives and add or extract files. |
| awk |
Start a pattern
scanning and processing language. |
| basename |
Display portions of
path names and file names. |
| cal |
Display a calendar. |
| cat |
Concatenate and
display. |
| cc |
Start a C compiler. |
| cd,
chdir |
Change the working
directory. |
| chgrp |
Change the group
ownership of a file. |
| chmod |
Change the
permissions mode of a file. |
| chown |
Change the ownership
of a file or directory to another user. |
| clear |
Clear the screen. |
| cmp |
Perform a
byte-by-byte comparison of two files. |
| colcrt |
Filter nroff output
for a terminal lacking overstrike capability. |
| comm |
Display lines in
common, and lines not in common, between two sorted lists. |
| cp |
Copy or duplicate a
file. |
| cpio |
Copy file archives
in and out of an archive file. |
| cpp |
Start the C language
preprocessor. |
| csh |
Start a shell
(command interpreter) with a C-like syntax and interactive
features. |
| date |
Display or set the
date. |
| df |
Report the free disk
space on file systems. |
| diff |
Display line-by-line
differences between pairs of text files. |
| du |
Display the number
of disk blocks used per directory or file. |
| echo |
Echo arguments to
the standard output. |
| ed,
red |
Start a basic line
editor. |
| eqn,
neqn, checkeq |
Typeset mathematics. |
| expand,
unexpand |
Expand Tab
characters to Space characters, and vice versa. |
| expr |
Evaluate an argument
as a logical, arithmetic, or string expression. |
| file |
Determine the type
of a file by examining its contents. |
| find |
Find files by name,
or by other characteristics. |
| finger |
Display information
about users. |
| fmt |
Start a simple text
and mail-message formatter. |
| fold |
Fold long lines for
display on an output device of a given width |
| ftp |
Start a file
transfer program. |
| gprof |
Display call-graph
profile data. |
| grep |
Search a file or
files for a regular expression or a string. |
| groups |
Display a user's
group memberships. |
| gzip |
Compress a file and
add the extension .gz |
| gunzip |
Restores a
compressed file to its unencoded state. |
| head |
Display the first
few lines of a text file. |
| history |
Show the name of the
current host system. |
| install |
Install files. |
| join |
Apply this
relational database operator. |
| kill |
Terminate a process. |
| last |
Show the last logins
by a user or terminal. |
| ld,
ld.so |
Open the link
editor, or dynamic link editor. |
| less |
Show one page at a
time (opposite of more). |
| ln |
Make hard or
symbolic links to files. |
| login |
Log in to the
system. |
| look |
Find words in the
system dictionary or lines in a sorted list. |
| lookbib |
Find references in a
bibliographic database. |
| ls |
List the contents of
a directory. |
| mail,
Mail |
Read or send mail
messages. |
| make |
Maintain, update,
and regenerate related programs and files. |
| man |
Display Unix
reference manual pages; get help on a command. |
| mesg |
Permit or deny
messages on the terminal. |
| mkdir,
md |
Make a directory. |
| more |
Display a text file
one page at a time. |
| mv |
Move or rename
files. |
| nice |
Run a command at low
priority. |
| nm |
Print a symbol name
list. |
| nroff |
Format documents for
display or for a line-printer. |
| od |
Make an octal,
decimal, hexadecimal, or ascii dump. |
| passwd, |
Change local or
Network Information |
| chfn,
chsh |
System (NIS)
password. |
| paste |
Join corresponding
lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file. |
| pr |
Prepare file(s) for
printing. |
| printenv |
Display the
environment variables currently set. |
| ps |
Display the status
of current processes. |
| ptx |
Generate a
permutated index. |
| pwd |
Display the path
name of the current working directory. |
| quota |
Display a user's
disk quota and usage. |
| ranlib |
Convert archives to
random libraries. |
| rcs |
Change RCS (revision
history) file attributes. |
| rev |
Reverse the order of
characters in each line. |
| rm,
rmdir |
Remove (unlink) a
file or directory. |
| script |
Make a typescript of
a terminal session. |
| sed |
Start a stream
editor. |
| sh |
Open the shell, a
standard Unix system command interpreter. |
| size |
Display the size of
an object file. |
| sleep |
Suspend execution
for a specified interval. |
| sort |
Sort and collate
lines. |
| split |
Split a file into
pieces. |
| strings |
Find printable
strings in an object file or in a binary file. |
| strip |
Remove symbols and
relocation bits from an object file. |
| stty |
Set or alter the
options for a terminal. |
| su |
Super-user;
temporarily switch to a different user ID. |
| tail |
Display the last
part of a file. |
| tar |
Create tape
archives, and add or extract files. |
| tbl |
Format tables for
nroff or troff. |
| tee |
Replicate the
standard output. |
| telnet |
Open a connection to
a remote system using Telnet protocol. |
| test |
Return true or false
according to a conditional expression. |
| time |
Time a command. |
| touch |
Update the access
and modification times of a file. |
| troff |
Typeset or format
documents. |
| true,
false |
Provide truth
values. |
| tsort |
Perform a
topological sort. |
| tty |
Display the name of
the terminal. |
| ul |
Underline. |
| uniq |
Remove or report
adjacent duplicate lines. |
| uptime |
Show how long the
system has been up. |
| users |
Display a compact
list of users logged in. |
| vi,
view |
Start the visual
display editor based on ex. |
| w |
Show who is logged
in and what they are doing. |
| wait |
Wait for a process
to finish. |
| wall |
Write to all users
logged in. |
| wc |
Display a count of
lines, words, and characters. |
| what |
Extract SCCS-version
information from a file. |
| whatis |
Display a one-line
summary of a keyword. |
| whereis |
Locate the binary,
source, and manual page files for a command. |
| which |
Locate a command;
display its path name or alias. |
| who |
Show who is logged
in on the system. |
| whoami |
Display the
effective current user name. |
| write |
Write a message to
another user. |
| xargs |
Construct the
arguments list(s) and execute a command. |
| yes |
Be repetitively
affirmative. |
| zcat |
Display compressed
files. |
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